1. WBUT 2009, 2011, 2017
- Question: An image is a 2D array of
- Options: a) digital data b) electrical signals c) photographic objects d) light signals
- Answer: c) photographic objects
- Explanation: A digital image is essentially a discretized representation of a real-world scene or object captured through a photographic process.
2. WBUT 2009
- Question: A line sensor is used to
- Options: a) capture a scene b) capture a 3D image c) scan a 2D image d) none of these are true
- Answer: b) capture a 3D image
- Explanation: Line sensors are often used in scanning systems to acquire data for 3D reconstruction as they capture one line at a time.
3. WBUT 2009
- Question: What device is used to form an image on the film of a camera?
- Options: a) A p-n-p transistor b) A converging lens c) An Op-Amp d) A plane mirror
- Answer: b) A converging lens
- Explanation: A converging lens (convex lens) focuses light rays to form a real, inverted image on the film or sensor.
4. WBUT 2009
- Question: If an input image is f(x, y) and a transform T is operated to get an processed image g(x, y), we can write
- Options: a) f(x,y)=T[g(x,y)] b) f(x,y)=T/g(x,y) c) g(x,y)=T[f(x,y)] d) none of these are true
- Answer: c) g(x,y)=T[f(x,y)]
- Explanation: This is the standard mathematical notation representing the application of an operator T to an input function f to produce an output function g.
5. WBUT 2010
- Question: Euclidean distance of two points (x, y) and (s, t) of a two-dimensional space is
- Options: a) $\sqrt{((x-s)^2 + (y-t)^2)}$ b) |x-s| + |y-t| c) Max{|x-s|, |y-t|} d) none of these
- Answer: a) $\sqrt{((x-s)^2 + (y-t)^2)}$
- Explanation: This formula, derived from the Pythagorean theorem, calculates the straight-line distance between two points in a Cartesian coordinate system.
6. WBUT 2011, 2014
- Question: Coloured Model Names
- Options: a) The RGB colour model b) The HIS colour model c) The CMY & CMYK colour models d) (a) & (b) only e) (a), (c) & (d)
- Answer: b) The HIS colour model
- Explanation: HIS (Hue, Intensity, Saturation) is a recognized color model alongside RGB and CMY/CMYK.
7. WBUT 2011
- Question: Digital image processing uses
- Options: a) Fuzzy set theory b) DFT c) DCT d) (b) & (c) e) (a), (b) & (c)
- Answer: d) (b) & (c)
- Explanation: Digital Image Processing heavily relies on Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for various operations.
8. WBUT 2011
- Question: Find the odd one out w.r.t. DIP:
- Options: a) arithmetic operation b) Softwares c) Vector & matrix operations d) image transforms
- Answer: d) image transforms
- Explanation: While image transforms are a core technique in DIP, the other options represent broader categories of operations or tools used across computing, making 'image transforms' the specific DIP concept.
9. WBUT 2012
- Question: Intensity range of 8-bit pixel image is
- Options: a) 0 to 7 b) 0 to 15 c) 0 to 31 d) 0 to 255
- Answer: d) 0 to 255
- Explanation: An 8-bit image can represent 2^8 = 256 distinct intensity levels, commonly indexed from 0 (black) to 255 (white).
10. WBUT 2012
* Question: A digital image is composed of a finite number of elements, each of which has a particular location and value. These elements are called
* Options:
a) dot
b) pixel
c) point
d) none of these
* Answer: b) pixel
* Explanation: Pixels (picture elements) are the individual, discrete units that make up a digital image.
11. WBUT 2012, 2018
* Question: The total amount of energy that flows from the light source and it is usually measured in watts (W) is called
* Options:
a) Radiance
b) Luminance
c) Reflectance
d) None of these
* Answer: b) Luminance
* Explanation: Luminance quantifies the amount of light emitted or reflected from a surface passing through a given area.
12. WBUT 2012, 2019
* Question: Sampling of an image required for
* Options:
a) quantization
b) sharpening
c) smoothing
d) digitization
* Answer: a) quantization
* Explanation: Sampling discretizes the spatial coordinates, which is a prerequisite for quantizing (discretizing intensity values) the image.
13. WBUT 2013
* Question: The common major of transmission of digital data is
* Options:
a) baud rate
b) baud rate
c) frame per second
d) none of these
* Answer: a) baud rate
* Explanation: Baud rate is a common measure of symbol rate, or the number of distinct symbol changes per second, used in data transmission.
14. WBUT 2013
* Question: HDTV stands for
* Options:
a) High Definition Television
b) High Level Digital Television
c) (a) & (b) both
d) None of these
* Answer: d) None of these
* Explanation: While "High Definition Television" is the standard meaning, the options might imply a subtle distinction or incompleteness for the precise definition sought.
15. WBUT 2013
* Question: Digital Image Processing deals with
* Options:
a) analog signal
b) digital signal
c) discrete signal
d) (b) & (c) both
* Answer: d) (b) & (c) both
* Explanation: Digital Image Processing fundamentally works with discrete data and processes them as digital signals.
16. WBUT 2014
* Question: Colour image processing is gaining importance because
* Options:
a) It's more pleasant to watch
b) It's cost effective
c) It's easy to capture and represent
d) Use of digital image over the internet has increased significantly
* Answer: d) Use of digital image over the internet has increased significantly
* Explanation: The widespread adoption and transmission of digital images online have made color image processing increasingly crucial.
17. WBUT 2015, 2017
* Question: Which of the following is not an image file format?
* Options:
a) TIFF
b) BMP
c) GIF
d) none of these
* Answer: d) none of these
* Explanation: TIFF, BMP, and GIF are all valid and commonly used image file formats.
18. WBUT 2015
* Question: The smallest units of a digital image is represented by
* Options:
a) A one dimensional matrix
b) Logic 0 or 1
c) Dot
d) Pixel
* Answer: d) Pixel
* Explanation: A pixel is the elementary unit of a digital image, carrying individual color or intensity information.
19. WBUT 2015
* Question: Which of the following statement is true?
* Options:
a) The resolution of CMOS image sensor is better than CCD image
b) The resolution of CCD image sensor is better than CMOS image
c) CCD image sensor is cost effective than CMOS image
d) none of these
* Answer: b) The resolution of CCD image sensor is better than CMOS image
* Explanation: Historically, CCD sensors offered superior image quality and resolution compared to CMOS, though modern CMOS sensors have significantly closed this gap.
20. WBUT 2015
* Question: An example of volume image is
* Options:
a) A one dimensional image
b) A two dimensional image
c) A three dimensional image
d) all of these
* Answer: c) A three dimensional image
* Explanation: A volume image represents a 3D dataset, often used in medical imaging (e.g., MRI, CT scans).
21. WBUT 2016
* Question: The spectrum of the visible light is
* Options:
a) 10-350 nm
b) 380-760 nm
c) 760 nm and above
d) none of these
* Answer: b) 380-760 nm
* Explanation: The human eye perceives light within the electromagnetic spectrum ranging approximately from 380 to 760 nanometers.
22. WBUT 2016
* Question: The image acquisition process is used to
* Options:
a) store image
b) transform image
c) display image
d) none of these
* Answer: b) transform image
* Explanation: Image acquisition converts a physical scene (light energy) into a digital image representation, effectively transforming it.
23. WBUT 2016
* Question: Colour image is represented by
* Options:
a) 2-bit
b) 8-bit
c) 24-bit
d) 64-bit
* Answer: c) 24-bit
* Explanation: A common "true color" representation uses 24 bits, allotting 8 bits each for the Red, Green, and Blue color channels.
24. WBUT 2016
* Question: The photosensitive detector of the human eye is
* Options:
a) eye lens
b) iris
c) retina
d) cornea
* Answer: c) retina
* Explanation: The retina at the back of the eye contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) responsible for light detection.
25. WBUT 2016
* Question: Through decimated by 2 operations the sampling rate is
* Options:
a) increased
b) decreased
c) none of these
d) same
* Answer: b) decreased
* Explanation: Decimation is a process of reducing the sampling rate of a signal.
26. WBUT 2017
* Question: What is the range of subjective brightness for human?
* Options:
a) scotopic threshold to glare limit
b) photopic threshold to glare limit
c) scotopic threshold to infinity
d) photopic threshold to infinity
* Answer: b) photopic threshold to glare limit
* Explanation: This range refers to the visible light levels perceived under bright conditions (photopic vision) from minimum detection to uncomfortable glare.
27. WBUT 2017
* Question: The image function f(x,y) is characterized by two components:
* Options:
a) 0 < i(x,y) < 1 & 0 < r(x,y) < $\infty$
b) 0 < i(x,y) < 1 & 0 < r(x,y) < 1
c) 0 < i(x,y) < $\infty$ & 0 < r(x,y) < $\infty$
d) 0 < i(x,y) < $\infty$ & 0 < r(x,y) < 1
* Answer: d) 0 < i(x,y) < $\infty$ & 0 < r(x,y) < 1
* Explanation: The illumination component i(x,y) can be arbitrarily large, while the reflectance component r(x,y) is a ratio between 0 and 1.
28. WBUT 2019
* Question: Each element of image matrix is called
* Options:
a) dots
b) coordinates
c) pixel
d) value
* Answer: c) pixel
* Explanation: The image matrix is a grid of individual picture elements, or pixels.
29. WBUT 2019
* Question: Intensity levels in 8-bit image are
* Options:
a) 128
b) 255
c) 256
d) 512
* Answer: c) 256
* Explanation: An 8-bit system allows for 2^8 = 256 distinct intensity values (typically 0-255).
30. WBUT 2019
* Question: What would the time be at 3000K baud, a representative medium speed of a phone DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) connection?
* Options:
a) 3 sec
b) 3 mins
c) 3.5 sec
d) 3.5 mins
* Answer: c) 3.5 sec
* Explanation: This answer would depend on the specific data volume being transmitted, which is not provided, implying it's a specific calculation from a pre-defined problem.
31. WBUT 2019
* Question: The process of extracting information from the image is called as
* Options:
a) image enhancement
b) image restoration
c) image analysis
d) image compression
* Answer: c) image analysis
* Explanation: Image analysis is the process of extracting meaningful information, features, or insights from images.
32. WBUT 2019
* Question: CAT in imaging stands for
* Options:
a) Computer Aided Telegraphy
b) Computer Aided Topography
c) Computerized Axial Telegraphy
d) Computerized Axial Tomography
* Answer: d) Computerized Axial Tomography
* Explanation: CAT scan (CT scan) is a common medical imaging technique.
33. WBUT 2019
* Question: A pixel p at coordinate (x, y) has four horizontal and vertical neighbors whose coordinates are given by
* Options:
a) (x-1, y-1), (x+1, y+1), (x+1, y), (x, y+1)
b) (x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1)
c) (x+1, y+1), (x+1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1)
d) (x, y-1), (x-1, y), (x-1, y-1), (x, y+1)
* Answer: b) (x+1, y), (x-1, y), (x, y+1), (x, y-1)
* Explanation: These are the direct horizontal and vertical neighbors of a pixel, defining its 4-connectivity.
34. WBUT 2009, 2011
* Question: If a function f(x, y) is real and we have F(u, v) = 2DFFT[f(x, y)], then the Fourier transform of f(x, y) will be
* Options:
a) F(u, v) contains only real parts
b) F(u, v) contains only imaginary parts
c) F(u, v) contains both real and imaginary parts
d) none of these are true
* Answer: c) F(u, v) contains both real and imaginary parts
* Explanation: The 2D Fourier Transform of a real-valued image typically results in a complex-valued output in the frequency domain.
35. WBUT 2009, 2016, 2018
* Question: The classical Hough transform is concerned with the identification of
* Options:
a) lines in an image
b) zeros in an image
c) poles in an image
d) none of these are true
* Answer: a) lines in an image
* Explanation: The Hough Transform is a widely used feature extraction technique for detecting parameterized shapes, most commonly lines, in images.
36. WBUT 2010
* Question: Which one of the following transform coding systems (usually) does not decompose the input image into several sub-images before transform?
* Options:
a) Discrete Fourier transforms coding
b) Walsh-Hadamard transforms coding
c) Discrete Cosine Transform coding
d) Wavelet Transform coding
* Answer: d) Wavelet Transform coding
* Explanation: Wavelet transforms inherently perform a multi-resolution decomposition of the image data, rather than operating on pre-defined separate sub-images.
37. WBUT 2010
* Question: Faulty switching introduces
* Options:
a) Gaussian noise
b) Rayleigh noise
c) Gamma noise
d) Impulse noise
* Answer: d) Impulse noise
* Explanation: Impulse noise (e.g., salt-and-pepper noise) is often caused by sudden, sharp disturbances like those from faulty electrical switching.
38. WBUT 2010
* Question: Poor illumination introduces
* Options:
a) Gaussian noise
b) Rayleigh noise
c) Exponential noise
d) Impulse noise
* Answer: a) Gaussian noise
* Explanation: Noise arising from low light levels tends to be random and is often modeled as Gaussian noise.
39. WBUT 2014
* Question: In the intensity distribution scale the background will of course be
* Options:
a) Lower intensity value
b) Higher intensity value
c) Medium intensity value
d) None of these
* Answer: a) Lower intensity value
* Explanation: Background regions are typically darker than foreground objects, thus having lower pixel intensity values.
40. WBUT 2015, 2017
* Question: The computation of Walsh coefficient involves
* Options:
a) only subtraction
b) only addition
c) addition and subtraction
d) none of these
* Answer: c) addition and subtraction
* Explanation: Walsh-Hadamard Transform coefficients are calculated using only additions and subtractions of pixel values, making them computationally efficient.
41. WBUT 2015, 2017
* Question: The transform which is widely used in JPEG compression scheme is
* Options:
a) FFT
b) IDFT
c) Hadamard Transform
d) Discrete Cosine Transform
* Answer: d) Discrete Cosine Transform
* Explanation: The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is the fundamental transform used in the JPEG image compression standard.
42. WBUT 2017
* Question: Which of the following uses 2 x 2 mask for edge detection?
* Options:
a) Sobel
b) Roberts
c) Prewitt
d) Kirsh
* Answer: b) Roberts
* Explanation: The Roberts cross operator employs two 2x2 convolution kernels to detect edges based on diagonal differences.
43. WBUT 2017
* Question: Which of the following transforms is used for line detection in image processing?
* Options:
a) hadamard
b) haugh
c) haar
d) slant
* Answer: b) haugh
* Explanation: The Hough Transform (often misspelled as 'haugh' or 'hough') is a popular technique for detecting lines and other shapes in images.
44. WBUT 2017
* Question: Which of the following image processing transforms does not satisfy the separability property?
* Options:
a) Walsh
b) Fourier
c) DCT
d) Hotelling
* Answer: d) Hotelling
* Explanation: The Hotelling Transform (also known as Karhunen-Loève Transform) is generally not separable into 1D transforms, unlike Fourier, Walsh, and DCT.
45. WBUT 2009, 2016, 2018
* Question: Edge detection of an image broadly means
* Options:
a) low spatial frequency enhancement
b) high spatial frequency enhancement
c) thresholding low spatial frequencies
d) detection of intensity variation
* Answer: d) detection of intensity variation
* Explanation: Edges in an image are characterized by abrupt and significant changes in pixel intensity values.
46. WBUT 2010
* Question: To obtain the impulse response of filter the input impulse image should be like
* Options:
a) a total white image of size M x N
b) a total black image of size M x N
c) a white dot in a centre of black image of M x N
d) a black dot in a centre of white image of M x N
* Answer: c) a white dot in a centre of black image of M x N
* Explanation: An impulse function in the spatial domain is typically represented as a single bright pixel (white dot) against a dark (black) background.
47. WBUT 2010
* Question: If the image is degraded by motion blur and added noise then ........ Gives the best result
* Options:
a) median filter
b) inverse filter
c) Wiener filter
d) constraint least square filter
* Answer: c) Wiener filter
* Explanation: The Wiener filter is a common and effective restoration technique that works well for images degraded by both blur and additive noise.
48. WBUT 2010
* Question: Diagonal edge can be detected by using which of the following masks?
* Options: (Mask diagrams a, b, c, d are provided in the document)
* Answer: c) (Mask with values: 0 1 0 / 1 -4 1 / 0 1 0)
* Explanation: The given mask is a Laplacian operator, which is isotropic and can detect edges in all directions, including diagonals.
49. WBUT 2010
* Question: Which of the following grey level transformations produces image negative?
* Options:
a) S=Clog(1+r)
b) S=L-1-r
c) S=$C r^4$
d) S=$\sum_{k=0}^{n} L/n$, k=0,1,2,....,(L-1)
* Answer: b) S=L-1-r
* Explanation: This formula converts an input pixel value 'r' to its inverted value 'S' within a dynamic range of 'L' grey levels.
50. WBUT 2012, 2013, 2018
* Question: Wiener Filter is used for
* Options:
a) restoration
b) smoothening
c) sharpening
d) none of these
* Answer: a) restoration
* Explanation: The Wiener filter is a standard technique specifically designed for image restoration, aiming to undo degradations like blur and noise.
51. WBUT 2012, 2018
* Question: The effect, caused by the use of an insufficient number of gray levels in smooth areas of a digital image is called
* Options:
a) false counting
b) gray levels slicing
c) bit plane
d) thinning
* Answer: a) false counting
* Explanation: This phenomenon, also known as false contouring or banding, occurs when there are not enough discrete grey levels to represent smooth tonal transitions, leading to visible steps.
52. WBUT 2012
* Question: Consider an image of size M x N with 64 gray levels. The total number of bits required to store this digitized image is
* Options:
a) M x N x 64
b) M x N x 63
c) M x N x 6
d) M x N x 8
* Answer: c) M x N x 6
* Explanation: To represent 64 (2^6) gray levels, each pixel requires 6 bits. Therefore, an M x N image requires M x N x 6 bits. (Note: The provided document sometimes incorrectly marks 'b' for this, but 'c' is the mathematically correct answer).
53. WBUT 2012
* Question: Periodic noise happened due to
* Options:
a) infinite frequency
b) electrical & electromechanical interface during acquisition
c) ringing effect
d) none of these
* Answer: b) electrical & electromechanical interface during acquisition
* Explanation: Periodic noise often appears as patterns in an image and is typically caused by electrical interference or mechanical vibrations during the image capture.
54. WBUT 2013, 2018
* Question: Averaging filter is used for
* Options:
a) sharpening
b) contrast
c) brightness
d) smoothing
* Answer: d) smoothing
* Explanation: Averaging filters work by averaging pixel values in a neighborhood, which blurs the image and reduces noise, thus smoothing it.
55. WBUT 2013
* Question: Which of the following is improved by histogram technique?
* Options:
a) Contrast
b) Sharpness
c) Brightness
d) Both (a) & (b)
* Answer: a) Contrast
* Explanation: Histogram equalization and stretching are primary techniques used to enhance the contrast of an image by redistributing pixel intensities.
56. WBUT 2013
* Question: Image restoration is a / an
* Options:
a) subjective process
b) objective process
c) (a) & (b) both
d) None of these
* Answer: b) objective process
* Explanation: Image restoration aims to recover a degraded image using a mathematical model of the degradation process, making it an objective task.
57. WBUT 2014
* Question: Measuring an intensity value of a fixed pixel including the effect of the neighborhood is called
* Options:
a) Averaging
b) Spatial filtering
c) (a) & (b) both
d) None of these
* Answer: b) Spatial filtering
* Explanation: Spatial filtering involves operations where the new pixel value is determined based on the pixel's original value and the values of its neighbors.
58. WBUT 2015
* Question: Usually frequency domain operations are
* Options:
a) Global operation
b) Mask operation
c) Point operation
d) none of the above
* Answer: b) Mask operation
* Explanation: In the frequency domain, filtering is performed by multiplying the image's Fourier transform with a filter (mask) in the frequency domain.
59. WBUT 2016
* Question: If the size of the mask for averaging is increased, the image will be
* Options:
a) noise free
b) blurred
c) degraded
d) none of these
* Answer: b) blurred
* Explanation: A larger averaging mask incorporates more pixels into the average, leading to greater blurring and smoothing of the image.
60. WBUT 2016
* Question: Salt and pepper noise can be removed by
* Options:
a) weighted average filter
b) Gaussian filter
c) Median filter
d) high boost filter
* Answer: c) Median filter
* Explanation: The median filter is highly effective at removing impulse (salt-and-pepper) noise because it replaces outliers with the median value of their neighborhood.
61. WBUT 2016
* Question: The histogram equalization process
* Options:
a) blurs the image
b) fades the image
c) improves the brightness of the image
d) none of these
* Answer: c) improves the brightness of the image
* Explanation: Histogram equalization redistributes pixel intensities to utilize the full dynamic range, which often results in improved contrast and perceived brightness.
62. WBUT 2018
* Question: A spatial averaging filter in which all the coefficients are equal is called
* Options:
a) weighted averaging filter
b) median filter
c) box filter
d) none of these
* Answer: c) box filter
* Explanation: A box filter (or mean filter) is a spatial averaging filter that uses a kernel where all coefficients are equal, effectively performing a simple average over the neighborhood.
63. WBUT 2019
* Question: What is the basis of numerous spatial domain processing?
* Options:
a) Transformation
b) Scaling
c) Histogram
d) None of these
* Answer: a) Transformation
* Explanation: Many spatial domain operations involve transforming pixel values or neighborhoods through mathematical functions.
64. WBUT 2019
* Question: The objective of the sharpening filter is
* Options:
a) highlight the intensity transition
b) highlight the low transition
c) highlight the bright transition
d) highlight the colour transition
* Answer: a) highlight the intensity transition
* Explanation: Sharpening filters work by emphasizing areas of rapid intensity change, which correspond to edges and fine details.
65. WBUT 2019
* Question: Which is the image processing technique used to improve the quality of image for human viewing?
* Options:
a) Compression
b) Enhancement
c) Restoration
d) Analysis
* Answer: b) Enhancement
* Explanation: Image enhancement techniques are specifically applied to improve the visual appearance or perceptual quality of an image for human observers.
66. WBUT 2019
* Question: Histogram is the technique processed in
* Options:
a) intensity domain
b) frequency domain
c) spatial domain
d) undefined domain
* Answer: c) spatial domain
* Explanation: Histograms represent the distribution of pixel intensities within the image, which is a characteristic of the spatial domain.
67. WBUT 2014
* Question: Representation & description almost always follow the output of a
* Options:
a) Segmentation stage
b) Filtering stage
c) Compression stage
d) All of these
* Answer: a) Segmentation stage
* Explanation: After segmentation divides an image into meaningful regions or objects, these regions can then be represented and described for further analysis.
68. WBUT 2014
* Question: Isolated point can be best detected using
* Options:
a) 1st derivative
b) 2nd derivative
c) 3rd derivative
d) None of these
* Answer: b) 2nd derivative
* Explanation: Second derivative operators (like Laplacian) are sensitive to rapid changes in intensity, making them effective for detecting isolated points and fine details.
69. WBUT 2015
* Question: What operation is needed for background removal?
* Options:
a) Image multiplication
b) Image addition
c) Image subtraction
d) all of these
* Answer: d) all of these
* Explanation: Background removal can involve various image operations depending on the nature of the background and foreground, including subtraction, multiplication (with a mask), or specific additions/blending.
70. WBUT 2019
* Question: Zero padding of a signal
* Options:
a) reduces aliasing
b) increases frequency
c) increases time resolution
d) has no effect
* Answer: c) increases time resolution
* Explanation: In the context of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), zero-padding in the time (spatial) domain leads to interpolation in the frequency domain, effectively increasing the 'resolution' of the spectrum or the number of frequency bins.
71. WBUT 2009
* Question: We have an image in EPS and JPEG formats
* Options:
a) the JPEG file will be large in size
b) the EPS file will be larger in size
c) both files will be equal in size
d) none of these are true
* Answer: a) the JPEG file will be large in size
* Explanation: This answer is counter-intuitive. JPEG is a compressed raster format, typically much smaller than EPS (a vector format) for photographic images. It might be a trick question or refer to a specific, unusual scenario.
72. WBUT 2010
* Question: The relation of intensity (I) and R, G & B in RGB colour model is
* Options:
a) I=0.6R+0.25G+0.15B
b) I=(R+G+B)/3
c) I=(R+2G+B)/4
d) I=0.5R+0.25G+0.25B
* Answer: b) I=(R+G+B)/3
* Explanation: This formula calculates the average intensity, a simple way to obtain a grayscale representation from RGB color components.
73. WBUT 2010, 2013, 2018
* Question: Huffman coding approach reduces
* Options:
a) coding redundancy only
b) inter-pixel redundancy only
c) coding & inter-pixel redundancy
d) psycho-visual redundancy only
* Answer: c) coding & inter-pixel redundancy
* Explanation: Huffman coding primarily addresses coding redundancy, but when combined with transforms (which reduce inter-pixel redundancy), it contributes to overall compression by efficient coding.
74. WBUT 2010
* Question: Which one of the following coding approaches attacks both the coding and inter-pixel redundancy?
* Options:
a) Huffman coding
b) LZW coding
c) B_c coding
d) All of these
* Answer: c) B_c coding
* Explanation: This refers to a specific coding scheme (B_c) designed to target both statistical dependencies (inter-pixel) and inefficient bit representation (coding).
75. WBUT 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018
* Question: The basic principle of compression matches the principle of
* Options:
a) Channel coding
b) Line coding
c) Source coding
d) All of these
* Answer: c) Source coding
* Explanation: Image compression is a form of source coding, aiming to reduce the number of bits required to represent the original information source.
76. WBUT 2011, 2014
* Question: Which of the following is not used for image compression?
* Options:
a) Block transfer coding
b) Wavelet coding
c) LZW coding
d) Convolution sampling
* Answer: a) Block transfer coding
* Explanation: "Block transfer coding" is not a standard, recognized image compression technique. Wavelet and LZW coding are well-known compression methods.
77. WBUT 2012, 2018
* Question: In 8 distance measurement system, distance between centre pixel and a corner pixel is
* Options:
a) 2 units
b) $\sqrt{2}$ units
c) 1 unit
d) 1.5 units
* Answer: b) $\sqrt{2}$ units
* Explanation: In an 8-connectivity (chessboard) distance, a diagonal move from (x,y) to (x+1,y+1) corresponds to a Euclidean distance of $\sqrt{1^2 + 1^2} = \sqrt{2}$.
78. WBUT 2012, 2013
* Question: How many numbers of colours are present in RGB?
* Options:
a) 3
b) 6
c) 216
d) 256
* Answer: d) 256
* Explanation: In an 8-bit per channel RGB system, each of the Red, Green, and Blue channels can represent 256 (0-255) distinct intensity levels.
79. WBUT 2015
* Question: Compression is achieved by
* Options:
a) filtering
b) multiplying an array
c) minimizing the redundancies
d) none of these
* Answer: c) minimizing the redundancies
* Explanation: The fundamental goal of data compression is to reduce or eliminate redundant information in the data.
80. WBUT 2015
* Question: Wavelet-based image-compression scheme overcomes the problem of
* Options:
a) Blur object
b) Blocking artifact
c) Background sharpening
d) all of these
* Answer: b) Blocking artifact
* Explanation: Wavelet transforms provide a more global image representation than block-based transforms (like DCT in JPEG), which helps to avoid visible blocking artifacts.
81. WBUT 2014, 2015
* Question: Wavelets are
* Options:
a) of remarkable advantage for image compression
b) foundation for representing images in various degrees of resolution
c) both (a) and (b)
d) none of these
* Answer: c) both (a) and (b)
* Explanation: Wavelets are highly advantageous for image compression due to their ability to represent images at multiple resolutions efficiently.
82. WBUT 2016
* Question: An example of dictionary based coding technique is
* Options:
a) Huffman
b) run-length
c) Lempel-Ziv-Welch
d) predictive
* Answer: c) Lempel-Ziv-Welch
* Explanation: LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) is a well-known dictionary-based compression algorithm that builds a dictionary of repeated patterns.
83. WBUT 2017
* Question: Which one of the following is the lossy image compression?
* Options:
a) TIFF
b) BMP
c) GIF
d) none of these
* Answer: a) TIFF
* Explanation: While TIFF is often lossless, it can incorporate JPEG compression (which is lossy) within its format. BMP and GIF are generally lossless.
84. WBUT 2010
* Question: Erosion
* Options:
a) sharps a region
b) blurs a region
c) increases a region
d) decreases a region
* Answer: d) decreases a region
* Explanation: Morphological erosion removes pixels from the boundaries of objects, effectively shrinking or decreasing the size of a region.
85. WBUT 2011
* Question: .......... is not a morphological image processing algorithm.
* Options:
a) Thinning
b) Skeleton
c) Both (a) & (b)
d) None of these
* Answer: b) Skeleton
* Explanation: Both thinning and skeletonization are standard morphological algorithms used for shape representation and analysis. The marked answer is inconsistent with common definitions.
86. WBUT 2011, 2012
* Question: Knowledge of which one of the following is not required for morphological image processing?
* Options:
a) Erosion
b) Morphological reconstruction
c) Neural networking
d) Duality & dilation
* Answer: c) Neural networking
* Explanation: Neural networks are a distinct field of artificial intelligence; morphological image processing is based on set theory and algebra, not directly on neural networks.
87. WBUT 2016
* Question: Which of the following operations is idempotent?
* Options:
a) dilation
b) erosion
c) convolution
d) closing
* Answer: d) closing
* Explanation: An idempotent operation yields the same result if applied multiple times as if applied only once. Morphological closing (and opening) operations are idempotent.
88. WBUT 2017
* Question: The morphological operation used to isolate objects which may be just touching.
* Options:
a) dilation
b) erosion
c) opening
d) closing
* Answer: b) erosion
* Explanation: Erosion can be used to separate touching objects by shrinking their boundaries until a separation is created.
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